Duplicate gene and its parental copy can subfunctionalize so that each carries out only some of the roles that the ancestral gene performed. 

Ex- a duplicate of the β-hemoglobin locus is expressed in the fetus. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8147

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A clathrin molecule,

called a triskelion, is composed of : 

Three heavy chains

Three light chains

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8146

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8145

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Vesicle Type- Clathrin

Transport - trans-Golgi to endosome

Coat Proteins – Clathrin + AP1 complexes

                            Clathrin + GGA

Associated GTPase- ARF

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8144

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Vesicle Type- COPI

Transport - cis-Golgi to ER

Coat Proteins – Coatomers

Associated GTPase- ARF

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8143

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Vesicle Type- COPII

Transport - ER to cis-Golgi 

Coat Proteins - Sec23/Sec24 and Sec13/Sec31, Sec16

Associated GTPase- Sar1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8142

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Retrograde transport

COPI vesicles = cis-Golgi to ER