Individual A can derive fitness benefit of 220 units by helping Individual B, but incurs a fitness cost of 50 units in doing so following Hamilton’s rule, which of the following relation is not apply for altruism?

#Question id: 10831

#Section 1: Ecology

Which of the following helps a prey species advertise to predators that it is unpalatable?

#Question id: 11258

#Section 4: Behavioural Ecology

In order for mimicry to be effective in protecting a species from predation, it must

#Question id: 4574

#Section 2: Evolution

Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are

#Question id: 4713

#Section 2: Evolution

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these statements explains why the pigweed reappeared?

#Question id: 11057

#Section 2: Evolution

Bombardier beetles release an explosive mixture of quinones and hydrogen peroxide from glands at the end of their abdomen when disturbed by grasshopper mice and other predators. This is an example of what kind of defense against predation?