Principles & methods of taxonomy

There are four taxonomic fundamental components which simplify the process of identification up to species level.

I.Characterization

II. Identification

III. Nomenclature

IV. Classification

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For monosaccharides with two or more asymmetric carbons, the prefix d or l refers to the configuration of the highest numbered asymmetric carbon (the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl carbon).

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A carbon atom with four different substituents is said to be asymmetric, and asymmetric carbons are called chiral centers

Chiral carbon most distant from the carbonyl carbon has the same configuration as the chiral carbon in D-glyceraldehyde.

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Aldoses with at least three carbons and ketoses with at least four carbons contain chiral centers

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The habitat of an organism is the place, or physical setting, in which it lives.

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An organism’s niche includes the range of abiotic and biotic conditions it can tolerate. 

In the case of the cottontail rabbit, its niche includes the ranges of temperature and humidity that it can tolerate, the plants that it eats, and the predatory hawks and coyotes with which it coexists.

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