III.Vascular plants  (pteridophyta)

Vascular cryptogam

Sporophyte- Dominating phase

Vascular tissue makes its appearance

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Loss of the PTEN protein contributes to the uncontrolled growth of cells.

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Insulin receptor leads to the activation of PKB

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Main action of the PKB signaling pathway

An increase in uptake of glucose from the blood within minutes.

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Fat and muscle cells express large amounts of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4

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In resting cells, the majority of the GLUT4 protein is

localized to specialized GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs)

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GSVs tethered to the Golgi matrix, by a protein termed TUG (Tether containing a UBX domain for GLUT4).