Secondary growth in monocotyledons

Due to lack of cambium in monocotyledons, secondary growth is absent. But Very few plants in monocots shows anomalous secondary growth such as Dracaena, Yucca, Aloe, Sansevieria and Agave

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Non-canonical Wnt signaling is initiated by the 

Wnt5a type (Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, and Wnt11).

 

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Wnt ligands are recognized by Frizzled/retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)/receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) receptor complexes

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Frizzled paired with Ror and Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled

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Disheveled stimulate activation of the small GTPases Rho and Rac, leading to cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell motility. 

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Rho GTPases are the “master builders” of the cell because they can activate an array of kinases and cytoskeletal binding proteins that remodel cytoskeletal elements to alter cell shape and movement

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Rac and RhoA GTPases coordinate changes in cytoskeleton organization and also through Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulate gene expression