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Cotton

Botanical name- gossypium spp.

Family- malvaceae

Plant part used- surface fibers on seeds

Uses of cotton

The fiber of cotton plant is used for in textile industry for making clothes, tyre cord fabrics, threads, cordage, twine etc.

The fiber is used for stuffing cushions, pillows and mattresses etc.

The cotton seeds are rich in proteins and vitamin B.

The cotton seed is also used for dairy cattle due to presence of high level of fiber

Uses of cotton

The cotton seed also contains medicinal properties. It is used in the treatment of dysentery, and intermittent fever.

Cotton seed produces a low-grade oil which is used as lubricants.

It is used in soap industry.

Oil cake obtained from Gossypium is an excellent fertilizer.

Sunn hemp

Botanical name- crotalariajuncea    

Family-fabaceae

Plant part used- stem bast fibers


Uses of sunn hemp

The plant fiber is used in making cordage fiber, ropes, twines, cords, etc.

Fiber of the plant is used as raw material for the making of tissue papers and currency papers.

It is used for making fishing net as it doesn't get destroyed in water.

The stalk and leaves of the plant are used as fodder for cattle

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#Id: 10723

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III. Underground Stem modification
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#Id: 10724

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Feature of leaves

A typical leaf consists of three main parts;

a) Leaf base

b) Petiole

c) Lamina

Feature of leaves

leaf base and may bear two lateral small leaf like structures called stipules.

In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is called the Pulvinus

Feature of leaves

The lamina or the leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets. There is, usually, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the midrib.
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#Id: 10725

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Venation

The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as venation

Venation

When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as reticulate that possesses in dicotyledonous plants

When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as parallel is the characteristic of most monocotyledons.
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#Id: 10726

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#Id: 10727

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Types of Leaf

Simple Leaf

Compound Leaf


The compound leaves may be of two types;
A number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf called Pinnately compound leaf
Ex- Neem 
The leaflets are attached at a common point, such as at the tip of petiole, called Palmately compound leaf
EX- poison ivy, familiar house plant Schefflera sp. (commonly called “umbrella plant”)
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#Id: 10728

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Phyllotaxy
This is usually are of four types – alternate, opposite, spiral and whorled
In alternate type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner, as in china rose, mustard and sunflower plants
Phyllotaxy
In opposite type, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other as in Calotropis and guava plants.
If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called whorled, as in Alstonia (Devil Tree) Apocynaceae
Spiral phyllotaxy
Fibonacci sequence
Golden Angle
the divergence angle between successively arising leaves is fixed at the golden angle of 137.5°