Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8705

#XL - R Botany

The cytosolic isozyme has two distinct functions. It catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate, providing the substrate for a cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase that generates NADPH as reducing power for fatty acid synthesis and other anabolic processes in the cytosol. It also has a role in cellular iron homeostasis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8706

#XL - R Botany

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8707

#XL - R Botany

KDC shows Divergent evolution, in which the genes for an enzyme with one substrate specificity give rise, during evolution, to closely related enzymes with different substrate specificities but the same enzymatic mechanism.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8708

#XL - R Botany

This reaction is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8709

#XL - R Botany

Malonate is an analog of succinate not normally present in cells, is a strong competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, and its addition to mitochondria blocks the activity of the citric acid cycle.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8710

#XL - R Botany

As intermediates of the citric acid cycle are removed to serve as biosynthetic precursors, they are replenished by anaplerotic reactions