Nitrogen - containing compounds

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9925

#XL - T Zoology

Adenoviruses and cytomegalo virus use to reduce the surface expression of class I MHC molecules, 

Measles virus and HIV, reduce levels of class II MHC molecules on the surface, 

Vaccinia virus, secreting a protein that binds to the C4b complement component.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9926

#XL - T Zoology

Influenza virus

Influenza are surrounded by an outer envelope, a lipid bilayer derived from the plasma membrane of the infected cell.

Viral specific Protein 

Hemagglutinin (HA) 

Neuraminidase (NA)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9927

#XL - T Zoology

HA trimers are responsible for the attachment of the virus to host cells, binding to the sialic acid. 

NA is an enzyme that cleaves N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid

Within the envelope, consists of eight different strands of single- stranded RNA (ssRNA) associated with protein and RNA polymerase. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9928

#XL - T Zoology

There are 18 different antigenic subtypes for HA and 11 for NA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9929

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9930

#XL - T Zoology

Variation in Influenza Strains

Antigenic variation in HA and NA is generated by

Antigenic drift involves a series of spontaneous point mutations that occur gradually.

Antigenic shift results in the sudden emergence of a new subtype of influenza.