Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is coupled to a Gαi protein.

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Intracellular bacterial

Intracellular bacterial infections tend to induce a cell-mediated immune response, specifically DTH. 

In this response, cytokines secreted by CD4+ T cells are important—most notably IFN-ϒ, which activates macrophages.

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Host immune responses and bacterial evasion mechanisms

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pulmonary infection usually results from inhalation of small droplets of respiratory secretions containing a few bacilli.

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The inhaled bacilli are ingested by alveolar macrophages in the lung and inhibiting formation of phagolysosomes

CD4+ T cells are activated within 2 to 6 weeks after infection.

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These cells wall off the organism inside a granuloma called a tubercle. The localized concentrations of lysosomal enzymes in these granulomas can cause extensive tissue necrosis.

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Diphtheria

Natural infection with C. diphtheriae occurs only in humans and is spread by respiratory droplets. 

The organism colonizes the nasopharyngeal tract and causes little tissue damage, with only a mild inflammatory reaction.