The components of fitness are survival and reproduction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9822

#XL - R Botany

VLFRs and LFRs both obey the law of reciprocity

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9823

#XL - R Botany

HIRs require prolonged or continuous exposure to light of relatively high irradiance, and the response is proportional to the irradiance

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9824

#XL - R Botany

Plants that increase stem extension in response to shading are said to exhibit a shade avoidance response.

As shading increases, the R:FR ratio decreases. Shade means far red light

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9825

#XL - R Botany

phyB–phyE, appear mostly light-stable in the plant and function primarily in the regulation of LFRs and of shade avoidance involving changes in the R:FR ratio.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9826

#XL - R Botany

phyA is rapidly degraded as Pfr and controls plant responses to VLFRs and the far-red HIRs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9827

#XL - R Botany

Mutants lacking phyA also failed to germinate in response to millisecond pulses of light, but showed a normal response to red light in the low-fluence range. Means pfr primarily receives VLFR