Evolution might favor traits that benefit the population or species, When one individual’s behavior benefits another, the behavior is cooperative.

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#XL - T Zoology

Home range

A home range is an area of land where animals live which is not actively  defended, and animals of the same species move around freely.

1. Home ranges are also usually much larger than a territory.

2. Home range is  overlapping in a time or space

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#XL - T Zoology

Territory

It is an area of land that is actively defended against animals of the same species or against animals of the same species and gender.

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#XL - T Zoology

Territorial behavior

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Costs & benefits of territorial defense

Cost

Defending a territory requires time & energy and may, if aggressive defense is  needed, may pose some risk of injury.

Benefits‐

The improved access to resources represents  the 'benefit(s)' of territory defense.

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#XL - T Zoology

Optimum territory size when benefit is greater than cost

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#XL - T Zoology

Foraging Behavior - The Search for Food

Optimizing its foraging behavior

1. When the difference between the energetic benefits of food consumption  and the energetic costs of food gathering is maximized.

2. Animals with optimal foraging strategies will have more available energy with which to survive and reproduce.