Zeff=Z –S

Chlorine would have a Z value of 17 (the atomic number of Chlorine). Continuing to use Chlorine as an example, the 10 inner electrons (S) would screen out the positive charge of ten protons. Therefore there would be and effective nuclear charge of 17-10 or +7.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8205

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes contain V-class proton pumps that act in concert with Cl- channels to acidify the vesicle lumen.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8204

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Lysosome H+ pump are V-type ATPases and has a similar architecture to the F-type ATPases

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8203

#XL - Q Biochemistry

An H+ ATPase in the membrane pumps H+ into the lysosome, maintaining its lumen at an acidic pH.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8202

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Most of the lysosome membrane proteins, are highly glycosylated, which helps to protect them from the lysosome proteases

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8201

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Lysosome an interior pH of about 4.5–5.0

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8199

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Lysosomes contain about 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes, All are acid hydrolases, work best at acidic pH including: proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases, phosphatases, and sulfatases.