A carbon atom with four different substituents is said to be asymmetric, and asymmetric carbons are called chiral centers

Chiral carbon most distant from the carbonyl carbon has the same configuration as the chiral carbon in D-glyceraldehyde.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9339

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β is synthesized with a, 

250-residue N-terminal prodomain

∼110-residue C-terminal TGF-β domain

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9340

#XL - T Zoology

N-terminal prodomain is required for proper folding and dimerization of the C-terminal TGF-β domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9341

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β latency

In the Golgi prodomain is proteolytically cleaved from the mature growth factor but remains noncovalently attached even after secretion.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9342

#XL - T Zoology

Prodomain prevents the latent TGF-β 

from binding to a cell-surface receptor.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9343

#XL - T Zoology

Prodomain forms disulfide linkages that localize the latent TGF-β to the surface of the secreting cell (GARP), to a nearby cell, or to the extracellular matrix (LTBP).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9345

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β activation

By cytoskeletal force transmitted by integrins