Isomers that have opposite configurations at one or more of the chiral centers but that are not mirror images of each other are called diastereomers

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NF-κB pathway is activated by:

TNFα and IL-1, released by immune cells in response to infection.

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NF-κB stimulates expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, including FLIP, Bcl-XL, A1/Bfl-1, c-IAP, XIAP, TRAF1, and TRAF2.

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In certain immune cells, NF-κB stimulates expression of iNOS (inducible isoform of the enzyme that produces NO), which is toxic to bacterial cells

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In resting cells,

NF-κB binds directly to an inhibitor called I-κBα

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A single molecule of I-κBα binds to N-terminal domains of the p50–p65 subunits, masking their NLS.

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I-κB kinase 

three-protein complex and is responsible for releasing NF-κB from sequestration