The ER captures selected proteins from the cytosol as they are being synthesized. These are of two types:

Transmembrane proteins

Water-soluble proteins

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The AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) are cytosolic receptors that bind DNA molecules from bacteria and viruses.

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Inflammation

Tissue response to infection or damage which serves to eliminate

Classic signs of acute inflammation are heat (calore), pain (dolore), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), and loss of function (functio laesa).

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Inflammatory response

The response includes both localized and systemic effects, consisting of altered patterns of blood flow, an influx of phagocytic and other immune cells, removal of foreign antigens, and healing of the damaged tissue.

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Inflammatory response

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Inflammasomes

Multiprotein complex that promotes inflammation by processing inactive precursor forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18.

Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6.