Many large mammals, including humans and K selected individuals – Type I curve 

Many birds, small mammals, reptiles and some annual plants – Type II curve 

Many fish and marine invertebrates, r selected individuals - Type III curve

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#XL - T Zoology

                                   Richard hypothesis 

d/w = resource separation ratio.

d/w < 1, species cannot coexist;

1 < d/w < 3, there will be some competition between species

d/w > 3, species coexist harmoniously

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#Id: 8013

#XL - T Zoology

                     Proportional similarity analysis

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#XL - T Zoology

Proportional similarity values of less than 0.70 have been taken to indicate possible coexistence

While those greater than 0.70 indicate competitive exclusion.

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#Id: 8015

#XL - T Zoology

Character displacement

Morphological differences in two closely related species present in same geographical area while similar morphology when present at different geographical are

1. Niche diversification

2. Co-existence of many species

3. Evolutionary program

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#Id: 8016

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8017

#XL - T Zoology

Ecological compression

Short term evolutionary response

More number of species coexist together

Non inheritable trait

Not change habitat but reduce the food range