In the dark, 

membrane potential of a rod cell is about −30 mV (Depolarized state)

Rod cells release neurotransmitters (glutamate) constantly

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8174

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Sets of SNARE Proteins responsible for the eventual fusion of a vesicle with the target membrane:

Vesicle-specific membrane protein, v-SNARE

Target membrane contains t-SNARE

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#Id: 8175

#XL - Q Biochemistry

SNARE-mediated fusion occurs during exocytosis of secreted proteins. In this case, 

v-SNARE, are VAMP 

t-SNAREs are syntaxin & SNAP-25

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#Id: 8176

#XL - Q Biochemistry

SNARE complex is disassembled by ATP-dependent reaction mediated by cytosolic proteins, NSF & α-SNAP

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8177

#XL - Q Biochemistry

In plant cells,

Golgi apparatus serves as the site at which the complex polysaccharides of the cell wall (pectin & hemicellulose) are synthesized.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8132

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Lipids as pigments in plants and bird feathers.

Birds acquire the pigments that color their feathers red or yellow by eating plant materials that contain carotenoid pigments, such as canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin.

The differences in pigmentation between male and female birds are the result of differences in intestinal uptake and processing of carotenoids.

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#Id: 8131

#XL - Q Biochemistry

In most mammalian tissues, ubiquinone (also called coenzyme Q) has 10 isoprene units.

Dolichols of animals have 17 to 21 isoprene units (85 to 105 carbon atoms), bacterial dolichols have 11, and those of plants and fungi have 14 to 24.