Home range

A home range is an area of land where animals live which is not actively  defended, and animals of the same species move around freely.

1. Home ranges are also usually much larger than a territory.

2. Home range is  overlapping in a time or space

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Mp10 and Mp42 are effector produced by aphid Myzus persicae.

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When plants recognize elicitors from insect saliva, An increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is an early signal that mediates insect elicitor–induced responses.

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In Arabidopsis, a calmodulin-binding transcriptional

regulator called IQD1 mediates of defense responses against insect herbivory. IQD1 binds calmodulin, a major Ca2+-binding protein

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JA initiates biosynthesis of defense proteins as a-amylase inhibitors. Most of these proteins interfere with the herbivore digestive system.

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Plant species produce lectins, defensive proteins that bind to carbohydrates or carbohydrate-containing proteins.

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Plant species produce cysteine protease, which disrupt the

peritrophic membrane that protects the gut epithelium of many insects.