P. syringae pv. Syringae (Pss) secrete syringolin A (SylA), a peptide derivative synthesized by a mixed nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthetase encoded by a gene cluster. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9994

#XL - T Zoology

The Wnt-Ca2+ pathway is initiated by Frizzled receptors activating a classical G protein-coupled signaling pathway.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9996

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In Wnt-Ca2+ pathway, Wnt binding to the receptor protein possibly Ryk, alone or in concert with Frizzled.

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Frizzled-G protein signaling activates PLC-beta, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3.

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Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to modulate the function of many downstream targets.

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Increased Ca2+ levels activates Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules such as:

Protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CamKII), Calcineurin phosphatase