Phytoplasmas are specialized bacteria that are obligate parasites of the phloem tissue. They are mainly

spread by insects in the families Cicadellidae (leaf hoppers),

Fulgoroidae (plant hoppers), and Psyllidae (jumping plant

lice). 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8532

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Catastrophe 

The change from growth to shrinkage

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8531

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Dynamic instability 

Rapid interconversion between a growing and shrinking state, at a uniform free tubulin concentration

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8528

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Polyglutamylation has a key role in the beating of cilia and flagella

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8527

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Kinesin-1 associates preferentially with detyrosylated and acetylated microtubules.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8526

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Polyglutamylation and polyglycylation are likely mutually exclusive, so they would not normally occur at the same time & both can enhance microtubule stability,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8525

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Detyrosylated microtubules are more stable, because they are more resistant to depolymerization by kinesin-13 and related proteins.