Three major types of insect herbivores

Phloem feeders, such as aphids and whiteflies, cause little damage to the epidermis and mesophyll cells. Phloem feeders insert their narrow stylet, which is an elongated mouthpart, into the phloem sieve tubes of leaves and stems. 

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Sensing mechanism used by cells to detect incorrect chromosome attachments is based on tension.

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If Amphitelic attachment occur  Microtubules pull kinetochores; cohesins resist this pulling force. The resulting tension leads to the outer kinetochore component Ndc80 being pulled away from the protein kinase Aurora B

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The Aurora protein kinase family members Aurora A and Aurora B and their associated regulatory factors sense kinetochores that are not under tension and sever these microtubule attachments

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Labile factors called cyclins drive the progression of cells through different stages of the cell cycle by binding to CDKs.

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Cells commit to a new cell division at a specific point in G1 known as START or the restriction point.

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R-factor 

In mammalian cells - cyclin D 

In yeast - Cln3