Bergmann’s rule: Populations in colder climates tend to have greater body mass than those in warmer climates.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9849

#XL - R Botany

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9850

#XL - R Botany

In the light, cry1 is activated directly by blue light and indirectly by blue lightinduced phosphorylation. Activated cry1 forms a complex with COP1 and SPA1 via the C-terminal domain, preventing them from degrading protein targets such as HY5

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9851

#XL - R Botany

Both phytochromes and cryptochromes entrain the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9852

#XL - R Botany

Blue light depolarizes membrane of hypocotyl cells and inhibits of growth rate.

This membrane depolarization is caused by the activation of anion channels, which facilitates the efflux of anions such as chloride.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9853

#XL - R Botany

an anion channel blocker, NPPB (5-nitro-2-[4-phenylbutylamino]- benzoate), prevents the blue light–dependent membrane depolarization and decreases the inhibitory effect of blue light on hypocotyl elongation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9854

#XL - R Botany

Phototropins (phots) are involved in directing organ, chloroplast, and nuclear movements, solar tracking, and stomatal opening