Plants that are deficient in phyB often look like wild-type plants that are grown under dense vegetative canopies.

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#Id: 8093

#XL - T Zoology

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#Id: 8438

#XL - T Zoology

Where conditions for plant growth are less stressful, plants can evolve life history traits that fall along a continuum from competitors to ruderals.

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#Id: 10607

#XL - R Botany

Sporophylls and Spore Variations

Sporophylls produce clusters of sporangia known as “sori”

Groups of sporophylls form cone-like structures called “strobili” 

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#Id: 4385

#XL - T Zoology

Proteins fold to their native conformations via directed pathways rather than stumbling on them through random conformational searches.

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#Id: 9722

#XL - R Botany

Thorns are modified branches, as in citrus and acacia; spines

are modified leaves

Prickles are derived mainly from the epidermis and thus can be easily snapped off the stem, protect plants from larger herbivores

Trichomes, or hairs, provide a much more effective defense against insect pests