Phototropins (phots) are involved in directing organ, chloroplast, and nuclear movements, solar tracking, and stomatal opening

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8927

#XL - T Zoology

ATM and DNA-PK are specifically activated by double-strand breaks

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8928

#XL - T Zoology

ATM and ATR, activate a triad of related protein kinases: Chk1, Chk2, and MK2

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8929

#XL - T Zoology

Chk1, Chk2, and MK2

cause cell cycle arrest by inhibiting Cdc25

stabilizing the transcription factor p53, which induces the transcription of CKI p21 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8930

#XL - T Zoology

If the DNA damage is severe, p21 can cause the cells to senesce or p53 can induce apoptosis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8931

#XL - T Zoology

DNA-PK, ATM, and ATR phosphorylate a variant histone H2AX within the chromatin near the damage site & Phosphorylated H2AX acts as a landing pad for recruiting additional protein complexes that control DNA repair

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8932

#XL - T Zoology