In staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, exotoxins produced by the pathogens function as superantigens, which can activate all T cells. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7899

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Only 22 tRNAs are required for mitochondrial protein synthesis. The normal codon–anticodon pairing rules are relaxed in mitochondria, so that many tRNA molecules recognize any one of the four nucleotides in the third (wobble) position, allowing four codons to be recognized by a single tRNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7898

#XL - Q Biochemistry

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7897

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Chloramphenicol, blocks protein synthesis by bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes

Cycloheximide, does not affect protein synthesis by mitochondrial ribosomes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7896

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The smallest mitochondrial genomes in Plasmodium, are only about 6 kb, encoding three proteins and the mitochondrial rRNAs.

Arabidopsis thaliana, has 366 kb of mtDNA and cucurbit plants have about 2 Mb of mtDNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7895

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Vertebrate mtDNAs encode 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7894

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The mtDNAs of most multicellular animals are approximately 16-kb circular molecules that encode intron-less genes compactly arranged on both DNA strands.