Malaria (Parasitic)

Sporozoites enter the bloodstream by mosquito.

The sporozoites migrate to the liver, where they multiply, transforming liver hepatocytes into giant multinucleate schizonts, which release thousands of merozoites into the bloodstream. 

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#Id: 7894

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The mtDNAs of most multicellular animals are approximately 16-kb circular molecules that encode intron-less genes compactly arranged on both DNA strands.

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#Id: 7895

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Vertebrate mtDNAs encode 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. 

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

The smallest mitochondrial genomes in Plasmodium, are only about 6 kb, encoding three proteins and the mitochondrial rRNAs.

Arabidopsis thaliana, has 366 kb of mtDNA and cucurbit plants have about 2 Mb of mtDNA.

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Chloramphenicol, blocks protein synthesis by bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes

Cycloheximide, does not affect protein synthesis by mitochondrial ribosomes

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#Id: 7898

#XL - Q Biochemistry

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#Id: 7899

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Only 22 tRNAs are required for mitochondrial protein synthesis. The normal codon–anticodon pairing rules are relaxed in mitochondria, so that many tRNA molecules recognize any one of the four nucleotides in the third (wobble) position, allowing four codons to be recognized by a single tRNA.