Given some characteristics of the climax community

i) Tolerate its own reactions

ii) Tends to become mesic

iii) Less stable

iv) Complex stratification

v) Simple food web

vi) Less mutualism

vii) Gross production is equals to community respiration

viii) Net community production is zero

Which of the following combination shows the characteristics of climax community?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35937

#XL - U Food Technology

Which of the following are true regarding D-value (Decimal reduction time) in microbial death kinetics?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35938

#XL - U Food Technology

Which of the following statements are correct about the Z-value in microbial thermal death kinetics?

A. Z-value is the temperature increase required to reduce the D-value by one log cycle.

B. A higher Z-value indicates that the microorganism is more sensitive to temperature changes.

C. Z-value helps in comparing the thermal resistance of different microorganisms.

D. Z-value is independent of the heating medium.

E. Z-value can be used to optimize time-temperature combinations in thermal processing.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35939

#XL - U Food Technology

A bacterial culture has an initial population of 1×10⁴cells/mL. The population doubles every 30 minutes. What will be the population (in cells/mL) after 2 hours?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35940

#XL - U Food Technology

In a batch culture, the specific growth rate (𝜇) of a microbe is 0.693 h^-1. What is the doubling time (in hours) of this organism?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35941

#XL - U Food Technology

A microbial population declines from 1×10⁸CFU/mL to 1×10⁴CFU/mL in 30 minutes during thermal processing. Assuming first-order death kinetics, calculate the decimal reduction time (D-value) in minutes.

(Use: 𝑁=𝑁₀×10^{−𝑡 / 𝐷})

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 35942

#XL - U Food Technology

A microorganism has a D-value of 5 minutes at 121°C. How much time (in minutes) is required to achieve a 6-log reduction at this temperature?

( Time = D × log reduction)