TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12718


primary disruptions could be signaling the plant that a change in environmental conditions has occurred and that it’s time to respond by altering existing pathways or by activating stress-response pathways. At least five different types of stress-sensing mechanisms can be distinguished:

                       

                          COLUMN I

 

 

                              COLUMN II

 

A) Physical sensing

 

 

i) usually results from the detection of by-products that accumulate in cells due to the uncoupling of enzymatic or electron transfer reactions, such as the accumulation of ROS during stress caused by too much light.

 

 

B) Biophysical sensing

 

 

ii) often involves the presence of specialized proteins that have evolved to sense a particular stress; for example, calcium channels that can sense changes in temperature and alter Ca2+ homeostasis.

 

 

C) Metabolic sensing

 

 

iii) refers to modifications of DNA or RNA structure that do not alter genetic sequences, such as the changes in chromatin that occur during temperature stress.

 

 

D) Biochemical sensing

 

 

iv) refers to the mechanical effects of stress on the plant or cell structure, for example, the contraction of the plasma membrane from the cell wall during drought stress.

 

 

E) Epigenetic sensing

 

 

v) might involve changes in protein structure or enzymatic activity, such as the inhibition of different enzymes during heat stress.

 

 

  
Match the correct sequence sensing mechanism during in stress;

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant
  1. A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-v, E-ii
  2. A-v, B-iii, C-ii, D-i, E-iv
  3. A-ii, B-iv, C-v, D-iii, E-i
  4. A-iv, B-v, C-i, D-ii, E-iii
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12954

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 55-year-old male patient with hypertension has had his blood pressure reasonably well controlled by administration of a thiazide diuretic. During his last visit (6 months ago) his blood pressure was 130/75 mm Hg and his serum creatinine was 1 mg/100 ml. He has been exercising regularly for the past 2 years, but recently has complained of knee pain and began taking large amounts of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. When he arrives at your office, his blood pressure is 155/85 and his serum creatinine is now 2.5 mg/100 ml. Which of the following best explains his increased serum creatinine?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12953

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Which of the following diuretics inhibits Na+-2Cl−-K+ co-transport in the loop of Henle as its primary action?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12952

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following changes would tend to increase Ca2+ reabsorption in the renal tubule?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12951

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

If the cortical collecting tubule tubular fluid inulin concentration is 40 mg/100 ml and plasma concentration of inulin is 2.0 mg/100 ml, what is the approximate percentage of the filtered water that remains in the tubule at that point?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12950

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Increases in both renal blood flow and GFR are caused by which of the following?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12949

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At which renal tubular sites would the concentration of creatinine be expected to be highest in a normally hydrated person?