Following statements are regarding to cotransport.

A. The two forces constituting the electrochemical gradient—the membrane electric potential and the ion concentration gradient—may act in the same or opposite directions.

B. Cotransporters use the energy released by movement of an ion (usually H+ or Na+) down its electrochemical gradient to power the import or export of a small molecule or different ion against its concentration gradient.

C. Cotransporters use the energy released by movement of an ion (usually H+ or Na+) down its electrochemical gradient to power the import or export of a small molecule or different ion down its concentration gradient.

D. The cells lining the small intestine and kidney tubules contain symporters that couple the energetically favorable entry of Na+ to the import of glucose against its concentration gradient.

Which of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 5298

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Four E. coli strains of genotype a+ b− are labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. Four strains of genotype a− b+ are labeled 5, 6, 7, and 8. The two genotypes are mixed in all possible combinations and (after incubation) are plated to determine the frequency of a+ b+ recombinants. The following results are obtained, where M = many recombinants, L = low numbers of recombinants, and 0 = no recombinants. On the basis of these results, assign a sex type (either Hfr, F+, or F−) to each strain

#Question id: 5297

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In a generalized transduction experiment, phages are collected from an E. coli donor strain of genotype cys+ leu+thr+ and used to transduce a recipient of genotype cys_ leu_ thr_. Initially, the treated recipient population is plated on a minimal medium supplemented with leucine and threonine. Many colonies are obtained. These colonies are then replica-plated onto three different media: What is order of gene?

#Question id: 5296

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

A transformation experiment is performed with a donor strain that is resistant to four drugs: A, B, C, and D. The recipient is sensitive to all four drugs. The treated recipient cell population is divided up and plated on media containing various combinations of the drugs. The table below shows the results. What is the probable order of the three tightly linked genes?  

#Question id: 5295

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

A cross is made between an Hfr that is met+ thi+ pur+ and an F-that is met- thi- pur-. Interrupted mating studies show that met+ enters the recipient last, so met+ recombinants are selected on a medium containing supplements that satisfy only the pur and thi requirements.  These recombinants are tested for the presence of the thi+ and pur+ alleles. The following numbers of individuals are found for each genotype:

What is the following correct combination?

#Question id: 5294

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Interrupted mating experiments were performed using three different Hfr strains (1-3). The three strains have different combinations of selectable markers. The time of entry for markers for each strain is shown is shown in the table given.

Using the above data, predict the correct sequence of markers on the E. coli chromosome

#Question id: 5293

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

The two strains a and b are tested for being auxotrophic for the following nutritional mutations: pyridoxine (pdx), biotin (bio), methionine (met), adenine (ade), and para-aminobenzoic acid (pab). Growth is indicated by ( + ) and lack of growth by ( - ). From these tests, what is genotype of strain a and b respectively (+ indicate prototroph while other auxotroph)?