Following statements are regarding to the apoptosis which is induced by trophic factors.

A. The presence of specific trophic factors (e.g., NGF) leads to activation of their cognate receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., TrkA) and activation of the PKB pathway.

B. DNA damage or ultraviolet irradiation leads to induction of synthesis of the BH3-only Puma protein. Puma binds to Bak and Bax as well as to Bcl-2, allowing Bak and Bax to form oligomeric pores.

C. Removal of a cell from its substratum disrupts integrin signaling, leading to release of the BH3-only Bim protein from the cytoskeleton.

D. Binding of extracellular death signals, such as tumor necrosis factor and Fas ligand, to their receptors oligomerizes an associated protein (FADD), which in turn triggers the caspase cascade, leading to cell murder by apoptosis.

Which of the following pathway does not belong to the trophic factor inducing apoptotic pathway?

#Question id: 5280

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In the mating Hfr met- his+ leu+ trp+ × F- met+ his- leu- trp-.  The met marker is known to be transferred very late. After a short time, the mating cells are interrupted and the cell suspensions plated on four different growth media. The amino acids in the growth media and the number of colonies observed on each are as follows:

histidine + tryptophan  250 colonies

histidine + leucine         50 colonies 

leucine + tryptophan    500 colonies

histidine                       10 colonies

What is the order of transfer of the genes

#Question id: 5279

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In a transduction experiment, phage P1 is grown on a bacterial host of genotype A+ B+ C+ and the resulting lysate is used to infect a recipient strain of genotype A– B– C–. The genes are in an order such that B is in the middle, and the distance between A and B is greater than the distance between B and C. Based on this information, which of the following least genotype?

#Question id: 5278

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

What is the co-transduction frequency for the A and B genes, from the following dataset?(Assume that there has been selection for the A+ form of the A gene). Genotype                                Number

 A+B+C+                                   10

 A+B+C-                                    30

A+B-C+                                     20

 A+B-C-                                     40

#Question id: 5277

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Deduce the genotype of bacteria strain was shown either growth presents or not in different media?

#Question id: 5276

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Donor Strain ABCDE transformation to   recipient strain abcde. Co-transformation check by using media with different supplement?

What is a order of gene ?

#Question id: 5275

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

 The designation his- refers to