Conversion of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene, also called activation, generally involves a gain-of-function mutation. Following statements are regarding to the mechanisms that produce oncogenes from the corresponding proto-oncogenes.

A. A change in a single base pair in a proto-oncogene that results in a hyperactive or constitutively active protein product.

B. A chromosomal translocation that fuses two genes together to produce a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein whose activity, unlike that of the parent proteins, is permanently suppress.

C. A chromosomal translocation that brings a growth regulatory gene under the control of alternative enhancers that cause inappropriate expression of the gene.

D. Amplification of a DNA segment including a proto-oncogene so that numerous copies exist, leading to overproduction of the encoded protein.

Which of the following statements are correct?

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#Question id: 61

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium?

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#Question id: 62

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons—for example, 2p+, 2n0, 2e- for helium. Which of the following represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

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#Question id: 65

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Identify which of the following pair is enantiomers, diastereomers or meso compounds.

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#Question id: 783

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the statements below is FALSE?

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#Question id: 59

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

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#Question id: 10413

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Following are certain statements are related to the effect of red and far-red light;

a) under a dense canopy much of the red light is absorbed by plant pigments, resulting in transmittance of mostly far-red light

b) Pr (red) has highest photon flux at 680 nm while Pfr (far-red) has highest photon flux at 730nm

c) Pfr far-red light–absorbing form, which is considered to be the physiologically active form of phytochrome

d) R:FR ratio is strongly affected by the presence of a canopy because chlorophyll absorbs far-red but not red light

Which one of the combinations of above statements is incorrect?