Following statements are regarding to the some cancers harbor characteristic chromosome alterations. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a common leukemia in humans, was found to be associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.

A. Philadelphia chromosome is generated by a translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9. The two chromosomes exchange their terminal regions, which leads to a characteristic alteration in the size of chromosome 9.

B. At the breakpoint of this translocation, a new fusion protein, the BCR-ABL fusion, is generated.

C. The BCR-ABL fusion protein is a constitutively active kinase that phosphorylates multiple signal-transducing proteins.

D. If this translocation occurs in a hematopoietic cell in the bone marrow, the activity of the chimeric BCR-ABL oncogene dephosphorylate proteins thereby activating many intracellular signal-transducing proteins.

Which of the following statements are incorrect?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12058

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 45-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and hematemesis. An abdominal exam was relatively benign, and abdominal x-rays were suggestive of a perforated viscus. Endoscopy revealed a chronically perforated gastric ulcer, through which the liver was visible. Which of the following is a forerunner to gastric ulcer formation?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12057

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A tsunami tidal wave hits the east coast of South America and the people living there are forced to drink unclean water. Within the next several days, a large number of people develop severe diarrhea and about half of these people expire. Samples of drinking water are positive for Vibrio cholerae. Which of the following types of ion channels is most likely to be irreversibly opened in the epithelial cells of the crypts of Lieberkühn in these people with severe diarrhea?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12056

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 68-year-old woman with hematemesis has heartburn and stomach pain. Endoscopy shows inflammation involving the gastric body and antrum as well as a small gastric ulcer. Biopsies were positive for Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori damages the gastric mucosa primarily by increasing mucosal levels of which substance?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12055

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following is a likely consequence of ileal resection?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12054

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 54-year-old woman eats a healthy meal. Approximately 20 min later the woman feels the urge to defecate. Which of the following reflexes results in the urge to defecate when the stomach is stretched?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12053

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Swallowing is a complex process that involves signaling between the pharynx and swallowing center in the brainstem. Which of the following structures is critical for determining whether a bolus of food is small enough to be swallowed?