Following statements regarding to the molecular processes of capacitation.

A. The sperm cell membrane is altered by the removal of albumin by cholesterol in the female reproductive tract.

B. Particular proteins or carbohydrates on the sperm surface are lost during decapacitation.

C. The membrane potential of the sperm cell becomes more positive as potassium ions leave the sperm. This change in membrane potential may allow calcium channels to be opened and permit calcium to enter the sperm.

D. Calcium and bicarbonate ions are critical in activating cAMP production and in facilitating the membrane fusion events of the acrosome reaction.

E. As a result of cAMP formation, protein phosphorylation occurs. Once they are phosphorylated, some proteins migrate to the surface of the sperm head. One of these proteins is izumo, which is critical in sperm-egg fusion.

which one of the following combinations is correct?

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#Question id: 12051

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Migrating motility complexes (MMC) occur about every 90 min between meals and are thought to be stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormone, motilin. An absence of MMCs causes an increase in which of the following?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12050

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A clinical experiment is conducted in which one group of subjects is given 50 g of glucose intravenously and another group is given 50 g of glucose orally. Which of the following factors can explain why the oral glucose load is cleared from the blood at a faster rate compared to the intravenous glucose load? (CCK, cholecystokinin; GLIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12049

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and has a major effect to decrease gastric emptying?

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#Question id: 12048

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 10-year-old boy consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which of the following hormones from the duodenal mucosa?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12047

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 65-year-old woman. Which of the following hormones can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations?

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#Question id: 12046

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following ions has the highest concentration in saliva under basal conditions?