Two major sources of mutation are radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The reactive oxygen species hypothesis for aging postulates that 

1) Senescence results from the accumulation of DNA, lipid, and protein damage inflicted by ROS of mitochondrial origin; and

2) Mitochondria of long-lived species should produce high ROS than do mitochondria of short-lived species.

3) the capacity of mitochondria to consume ROS might distinguish long-lived species from short-lived species, rather than differences in ROS generation. 

#Question id: 5204

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Bioinformatics can be used to scan sequences for probable genes looking for start and stop sites for transcription and for translation, for probable splice sites, and for sequences known to be found in other known genes. Such sequences containing these elements are called

#Question id: 5203

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The biggest problem with the shotgun technique is its tendency to underestimate the size of the genome. Which of the following might best account for this?

#Question id: 5199

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

For mapping studies of genomes, most of which were far along before 2000, the 3 -stage method was often used. Which is the usual order in which the stages were performed, assuming some overlap of the three?

#Question id: 5012

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

#Question id: 5014

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

 Following geological time period and major evolutionary event?

I. Devonian                            A. Gymnosperms dominant

II. Jurassic                               B. Amphibians diversify; first reptiles

III. Carboniferous                  C. Mammals appear

IV. Triassic                           D. Seed plants appear

#Question id: 5015

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

 During which of the following largest mass extinction recorded in the history of life on Earth.