Biologists performed an experiment with flies to examine the effects of population size on the maintenance of genetic variation  and  on  egg-to-adult survival.  From  a  large  source  population, they  randomly  assigned  eggs  to  three experimental  populations  of  size  N,  equal  to  20,  60,  and0100.  For  later  generations,  they  collected  N  eggs  from each  population  and  moved  them  into  identical  vials  that  co0ntained  f2re0sh  me4d0ium.  Th6e0y  coun8te0d  the  number  of adult flies that emerged and used tissue samples from the adults for genetic analyses. Genetic variation was measured by  scoring  alleles  at  several  polymorphic  loci  and  expressed  as  the  average  number  of  alleles  at  those  loci.  The results are summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2 below.

The numbers of adult flies that emerged from the three populations in the first generation are closest to which of the following?

#Question id: 895

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the following is van’t Hoff plot equation?

#Question id: 894

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When stress conditions arise, or when protein synthesis threatens to overwhelm the protein-folding capacity of the ER, unfolded proteins can accumulate. These conditions trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR)

a) unfolded protein response ensures to reduces the rate of protein synthesis by mTOR pathway

b) Amyloid aggregates that form before the UPR can come into play may be removed. Some are degraded by autophagy

c) Amyloid aggregates that can be removed by other mechanism such as lysosomal degradations

d)  UPR also bring the various systems into alignment by increasing the concentration of chaperones in the oxygen deprived conditions

Which of the following statements would be incorrect?

#Question id: 893

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Like E.coli eukaryotic cells also contain chaperonin, which of the following in eukaryotic chapronin is incorrect?

#Question id: 892

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Assisted protein folding is mediated by a group of proteins known as chaperons, which of the following statements is incorrectly reperesents chaperon activity;

#Question id: 891

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The folding pathways of some proteins require two enzymes that catalyze isomerization reactions such as,

a) Peptide prolyl isomerase (PPI)  catalyzes the elimination of folding intermediates with inappropriate disulfide cross-links

b) Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) enzyme that catalyzes the interchange, or shuffling, of disulfide bonds until the bonds of the native conformation are formed

c) Peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) catalyzes the interconversion of the cis and trans isomers of Proline residue peptide bonds

d) Peptide prolyl isomerase (PPI) can be a fast step in the folding of proteins that contain some Pro peptide bonds in the cis conformation

Which of the following combinations is correct about protein folding pathways?

#Question id: 890

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Some of the misfolded protein or defective Protein causes disease as follows;