In a study of interactions between plants, ants and caterpillars, the following experimental treatments were imposed: i) Control (both ants and caterpillars are present); ii) Ant removal; iii) Caterpillar removal; iv) Ant and caterpillar removal. Plus (+) indicates presence and minus (-) indicates absence on plants. The results for plant performance (growth) from this experiment  are shown in the figure below. Plant performance in all treatments were significantly different from each other. Based on these results, which of the following inferences is correct?

#Question id: 12098

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The herbaceous plant Achillea lanulosa is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Phenotypic variation in the species has been extensively studied along an altitudinal gradient from sea level to over 3,000 meters. In California there is conspicuous variation in  height; alpine plants are only several centimeters tall  while  those in  the San Joaquin Valley may reach a height of 1.8 meters. Adaptation to different local environments also results in variation in physiological processes such as photosynthetic rate, resistance to cold, and the timing of dormancy.

The morphological variation shown by Achillea lanulosa illustrates

#Question id: 12097

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The herbaceous plant Achillea lanulosa is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Phenotypic variation in the species has been extensively studied along an altitudinal gradient from sea level to over 3,000 meters. In California there is conspicuous variation in  height; alpine plants are only several centimeters tall  while  those in  the San Joaquin Valley may reach a height of 1.8 meters. Adaptation to different local environments also results in variation in physiological processes such as photosynthetic rate, resistance to cold, and the timing of dormancy.

Which of the following methods would be best to determine whether the phenotypic variation in Achillea lanulosa is due to genotypic variation?

#Question id: 12096

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

#Question id: 12095

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

#Question id: 12094

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

#Question id: 12093

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles