Refer to the following experiment, which is designed to test the co evolutionary relationships among an unpalatable butterfly (the  monarch),  a  palatable  butterfly  (the  viceroy),  and  a  butterfly  predator  (the  jay).  Monarch butterflies are reared on three diets: milkweed (their natural food), cabbage, and cabbage treated with an extract from milkweed leaves. Viceroy butterflies, mimics of monarchs, also are reared on three diets: willows (their natural food), cabbage, and cabbage treated with an extract from milkweed leaves. In trial 1 of the first experiment, adult butterflies reared on a particular diet are presented one at a  time  at  1-hour  intervals  to  jays  and  the  jays  are  allowed  to  feed.  Each jay is  fed  until  it refuses to eat the butterfly presented, but no more than 12 butterflies are presented to a jay during a particular test. Five birds are used for each test; therefore, up to 60 butterflies can be consumed for each diet test. The observer records the actual number of butterflies  eaten. In trial 2, the experiment is repeated 2 weeks later. In the second experiment, the butterflies are reared on the same diets as in experiment 1. However, when they are offered to jays, some jays receive a monarch  reared  on  milkweed  before  being  offered  the  butterflies  reared  on  the  experimental  diets;  the  other  group  of jays is  first given a viceroy reared on willow before being  offered the butterflies reared on the experimental diets. The initial butterfly offered is included in the total number eaten, but no more than 12 butterflies are presented to each jay

Which of the following supports the hypothesis that viceroys receive protection from predation because they resemble monarchs?

#Question id: 14146

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Match the following

A. Cyanide 1. Inhibit cytochrome oxidase

B. Piericidin A 2. Prevent electron transfer from Fe-S center to ubiquinone

C. Antimycin A 3. Blocks electron transfer from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1

D. Valinomycin 4. K+ ionophore

#Question id: 543

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

If glucose labeled with 14C at C^-1 (the aldehyde carbon) were metabolized in the liver, the first radioactive pyruvate formed would be labeled in:

#Question id: 542

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Hamsters love to run on exercise wheels. Prolonged running at a high rate of speed requires ATP. Could a hamster with a defective gene for the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase meet the extra ATP demand for prolonged, fast wheel-running by maintaining a high rate of glycolysis? Why or why not?

#Question id: 541

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The overall △G for glycolysis is -72 kJ/mol in erythrocytes. Which statement below is true?

A) The value of △G0ʹ is also -72 kJ/mol since the cytosol pH is close to 7.

B) The free energy of glycolysis is found as the sum of the standard free energy changes for

the individual pathway reactions.

C) The negative sign of △G shows that this pathway will proceed toward product (pyruvate) under normal cellular conditions.

#Question id: 540

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue.  The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is:

#Question id: 539

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the following mutases catalyze the formation of a 2,3-BPG intermediate?

A) muscle phosphoglycerate mutases

B) plant phosphoglycerate mutases

C) yeast phosphoglycerate mutases