The autophagy pathway included____

a) the catabolic mechanism that delivers cellular components to lysosomes, where they are degraded

b) Autophagy protects the cell from the harmful or lethal effects of damaged or unnecessary proteins and organelles

c) During starvation, the autophagic breakdown and recycling of cellular components also

ensure cellular survival by maintaining cellular energy levels

Which of the following are the correct prediction about autophagy is true?

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#Question id: 7757

#SCPH01 Biochemistry

The TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase complex acts as a

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#Question id: 7758

#SCPH28 | Zoology

Chlorophyll is tightly bound in complexes with proteins. During senescence these chlorophyll–protein complexes must be dismantled to allow the apoproteins to be recycled by___

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#Question id: 12956

#SCPH06 I Botany

For  nearly 200  years, biogeographers have  noted that  the  tropics  have  more terrestrial species than  temperate regions. Which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for this pattern?

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#Question id: 13094

#SCPH28 | Zoology

You are studying a specific gene in yeast, and you want to express that yeast gene in E. coli. Your task is to design a strategy to insert the yeast gene into the bacterial plasmid. Below is a map of the area of the yeast genome surrounding the gene in which you are interested.

 

The distance between each tick mark placed on the line above is 100 bases in length

Below are the enzymes you can use, with their specific cut sites shown 5’-XXXXXX-3’ 3’-XXXXXX-5’

 

The plasmid is 5,000 bases long and the two farthest restriction enzyme sites are 200 bases apart. The plasmid has an ampicillin resistance gene somewhere on the plasmid distal from the restriction cut sites.

                                     

You transform your ligation planned in which two restriction enzymes would you use to design a way to get the insert into the vector if you had to use two enzymes simultaneously, into bacteria and plate the bacteria on Petri plates containing ampicillin. (You actually transform six different ligation mixtures, which are described below, into six different populations of cells, and plate each transformation onto a different plate, because you want to do all of the correct controls.) The next day you come in to lab to look at how many colonies of bacteria are on each plate. You are really excited, because the number of colonies you see on each plate tells you that the entire procedure worked! Which of the three following patterns of number of colonies did you see in order to conclude that you had a successful transformation?

In this table, DV = digested vector. DYG = digested yeast genome.

 

a) Pattern-1, DV only + Ligase→No colonies b/c you have digested with 2 different restriction enzymes that can’t ligate together 

b) Pattern-2, DYG only + Ligase→ No colonies because all you transformed is the digested, linear yeast DNA.

c) Pattern-3, Water + Ligase→ No plasmid with the ampicillin resistance gene (or any DNA) was transformed into the bacteria and so it won’t grow in the presence of ampicillin.

d)Pattern-3, DV + DYG + Ligase→Colonies. The plasmid and yeast gene can ligate together to form a functional plasmid that will express the ampicillin resistance gene.

e) Pattern-1 and 2 only, DV + DYG (No Ligase) →No colonies because, although you have both digested plasmid and a digested yeast gene with complementary sticky ends

Which of the following statements about these ligations and their pattern is correct?

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#Question id: 3614

#SCPH12 I Genetics

A gene showing codominance–