In downstream processing of gluconic acid, concentrated fermentation broth containing 20% (w/w) gluconic acid is cooled in a heat exchanger prior to crystallisation. 2000 kg h^-1 liquid leaving an evaporator at 90°C must be cooled to 6°C. Cooling is achieved by heat exchange with 2700 kg h^-1 water initially at 2°C. The final temperature of the cooling water is 50°C. 

Assume (heat capacity of gluconic acid is 0.35 cal g^-1 °C^-1).

h (liquid water at 90°C = 376.9 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 6°C = 25.2 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 2°C = 8.4 kJ kg^-1 )

h (liquid water at 50°C = 209.3 kJ kg^-1)

h (gluconic acid at 90°C=0)

How much heat is removed to the cooling water?

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Materials translocated in the phloem, such as sucrose, amino acids, hormones and some inorganic ions. Some inorganic solutes that move in the phloem called mobile elements. In contrast, some are relatively immobile in the phloem.

A) Immobile elements

B) Mobile elements

i) potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and chloride

ii) caesium, zinc, magnesium and iron

iii) nitrate, calcium, sulfur, and iron

iv) potassium, calcium, cobalt and caesium

Which of the following are the correct match of mobile and immobile elements in the phloem?