Penicillin is produced by P. chrysogenum in a fed-batch culture with the intermittent addition of glucose solution to the culture medium. The initial culture volume at quasi-steady state is V0 = 500 l, and glucose-containing nutrient solution is added with a flow rate of F = 50 l/h. Glucose concentration in the feed solution and initial cell concentration are S0 = 300 g/l and X0 = 20 g/l, respectively. The kinetic and yield coefficients of the organism are mm = 0.2 h-1 , KS = 0.5 g/l, and YX/S = 0.3 g dw/g glucose. If qP = 0.05 g product/g cells h and P₀ = 0.1 g/l, determine the product concentration in the vessel at t = 10 h

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#Question id: 13054

#SCPH06 I Botany

Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

What would the expected effect be on a PCR reaction if the primers used were slightly shorter and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequences?

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#Question id: 748

#I Life Science/ Life Sciences Group – I-V

The bond between the bases and the sugars in DNA referred as:

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#Question id: 27861

#Research Methodology

What type of chart is useful for comparing values over categories?

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#Question id: 14133

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

The study of evolutionary relationships is known as

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#Question id: 15235

#SCPH01 Biochemistry

During the casting of polyacrylamide gel acrylamide and bis-acrylamide are joined by 

A) Free radical catalysis

B) Polymerisation reaction

C) Dehydration reaction

D) Condensation reaction