The first immunoassay formats described were methods based on the ____ reaction, which is characterised either by gel formation in a liquid phase or as an opaque band in an agar plate assay.

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#Question id: 15645

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

An aluminium pot contains water that is kept steadily boiling (100 °C). The bottom surface of the pot, which is 0.012 m thick and 1.5 x 10⁴ mm² in area, is maintained at a temperature of 102 °C by an electric heating unit. Find the rate at which heat is transferred through the bottom surface. Given k= 235 W.m^-1.K^-1

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#Question id: 15646

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

The quantity of heat required to evaporate 1 kg of a saturated liquid is called

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#Question id: 15647

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

A liquid stream is cooled from 80°C to 30°C in a double pipe heat exchanger as illustrated below: 

Fluid flowing counter currently with this stream is heated from 15°C to 30°C. Calculate the log mean temperature difference. 

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#Question id: 15648

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

The main function of baffles in a bioreactor are

P. to prevent a vortex

Q. to increase aeration

R. to reduce interfacial area of oxygen transfer

S. to reduce aeration rate

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#Question id: 15649

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

A bacterial culture having a specific oxygen uptake rate of 5 mmol O2 (g DCW)⁻¹ h⁻¹ is being grown aerobically in a fed-batch reactor. The maximum value of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient is 0.18 s⁻¹ for the stirred tank bioreactor and the critical dissolved oxygen concentration is 20% of the saturation concentration (8 mg L⁻¹). The maximum density to which the cells can be grown in the fed-batch process, without the growth being limited by oxygen transfer, is approximately

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#Question id: 15650

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

For scaling up of a bioreactor, the following parameter is assumed to be constant