Embryo culture technique is applied to

1. Overcome seed dormancy

2. Prevention of embryo abortion in wide crosses

3. Formation of protoplast

4. Shortening of breeding cycle

Which option has incorrect statement

#Question id: 14295

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

Pseudomonas methylotrophus is used to produce single-cell protein from methanol in a 1000 m³ pressure-cycle airlift fermenter. The biomass yield from substrate is 0.41 g g^{- 1}, K_S is 0.7 mg l^{- 1}, and the maximum specific growth rate is 0.44 h^{- 1}. The medium contains 4% (w/v) methanol. A substrate conversion of 98% is desirable. The reactor may be operated either in batch or continuous mode. If operated in batch, an inoculum of 0.01% (w/v) is used and the downtime between batches is 20 h. If operated continuously, a downtime of 25 d is expected per year. Neglecting maintenance requirements, compare the annual biomass production from batch and continuous reactors?

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#Question id: 14296

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

A two-stage chemostat system is used for production of secondary metabolite. The volume of each reactor is 0.5 m³; the flow rate of feed is 50 l h^{- 1}. Mycelial growth occurs in the first reactor; the second reactor is used for product synthesis. The concentration of substrate in the feed is 10 gl^-1. Kinetic and yield parameters for the organism are:

Assume that product synthesis is negligible in the first reactor and growth is negligible in the second reactor. Determine cell concentrations entering the second reactor.

#Question id: 14297

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

A two-stage chemostat system is used for production of secondary metabolite. The volume of each reactor is 0.5 m³; the flow rate of feed is 50 l h^{- 1}. Mycelial growth occurs in the first reactor; the second reactor is used for product synthesis. The concentration of substrate in the feed is 10 gl^-1. Kinetic and yield parameters for the organism are:

Assume that product synthesis is negligible in the first reactor and growth is negligible in the second reactor. Determine substrate concentrations entering the second reactor.

#Question id: 14300

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

A 15-m ³ chemostat is operated with dilution rate 0.1 h^-1. A continuous steriliser with steam injection and flash cooling delivers sterilized medium to the fermenter. Medium in the holding section of the steriliser is maintained at 130⁰C The concentration of contaminants in the raw medium is 10⁵ ml^-l; an acceptable contamination risk is one organism every 3 months. The Arrhenius constant and activation energy for thermal death are estimated to be 7.5 × 10³⁹ h^-1 and 288.5 kJ gmol^{- 1}, respectively. The steriliser pipe inner diameter is 12 cm. At 130⁰C the liquid density is 1000 kg m^{- 3} and the viscosity is 4 kg m^{- 1} h^{- 1}. Assuming perfect plug flow, determine the length of the holding section.   __________________