The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:

#Question id: 1395

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following mutations would promote malignancy in cells whose proliferation is inhibited by TGFβ?

a. overexpression of Smad2               

b. loss of Smad 4

c. overexpression of TGFβ receptor I

d. loss of TGFβ receptor II

#Question id: 1396

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Trks are:

a. endonucleases.        b. transmembrane receptors.   c. proteases.     d. protein kinases.      

#Question id: 1397

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The vertebrate equivalent of CED-9 is:

#Question id: 1398

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following properties is (are) characteristic of a benign tumor?

a. well differentiated              b. localized to tissue of origin             c. metastatic               

d. promotes angiogenesis        e. surrounded by a fibrous capsule

#Question id: 1399

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following genes typifies colorectal carcinomas?

a. myc              b. K-ras                       c. p53              d. APC

#Question id: 1401

#4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following are proto-oncogenes?

a. fos               b. myc             c. p53              d. ras               e. Rb