Avian leukosis virus (ALV), 

Retroviral DNA is inserted near the MYC gene. overproduction of MYC causes abnormally rapid proliferation of cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8709

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Malonate is an analog of succinate not normally present in cells, is a strong competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, and its addition to mitochondria blocks the activity of the citric acid cycle.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9340

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

N-terminal prodomain is required for proper folding and dimerization of the C-terminal TGF-β domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7069

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2302

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

As RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template, it unwinds the duplex at the front of the bubble (the unwinding point), and the DNA automatically reforms the double helix at the back (the rewinding point). 

1. The length of the transcription bubble is 12 to 14 bp, but the length of the RNA–DNA hybrid within the bubble is only 8 to 9 bp. 

2. As the enzyme moves along the template, the DNA duplex reforms, and the RNA is displaced as a free polynucleotide chain. 

3. The last 14 ribonucleotides in the growing RNA are complexed with the DNA and/or the enzyme at any given moment.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10524

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

During apoptosis, caspase-3 cleaves both ATP11A and

ATP11C, inactivating them