Four classes of ATP-powered pumps:

P-class pumps

V-class pumps

F-class pumps

ABC Superfamily

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6097

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The shifts of hydrogen atoms between the number 3 and number 4 positions of the pyrimidines and between the number 1 and number 6 positions of the purines change their base-pairing potential due to Tautomeris

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6098

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Tautomerism is most common spontaneous form of mutagenic event which causes transition during replication

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6099

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

There are two kind of mutation 

1. Base substitution

2. Frameshift

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6100

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6101

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6102

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

5-bromouracil induces transitions in both directions, A:T ↔ G:C Deamination of adenine results in A:T → G:C transitions and the deamination of cytosine produces G:C → A:T transitions, so nitrous acid induces transitions in both directions