A microtubule is a hollow cylindrical structure built from 13 parallel protofilaments, each composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers stacked head to tail and folded into a tube.

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#Id: 3334

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Given step with the highest amount of free energy is a rate limiting step

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthesis kinetics is measured by using Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) using radioisotope of oxygen ( O¹⁸ ).

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

F1 has nine subunits of five different types, with the composition α₃ β₃ ϒδε

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Each of the three β subunits has one catalytic site for ATP synthesis.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Fo complex, with its proton pore, is composed of three subunits, a, b, and c, in the proportion ab₂ C_n, where n ranges from 8 to 15 in various organisms; in yeast, it is 10.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Subunit c is a small (Mr 8,000), very hydrophobic polypeptide, consisting almost entirely of two transmembrane helices, with a small loop extending from the matrix side of the membrane