Chromosome Evolution

Fissions and fusion is the most common way for the number of chromosomes to change.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but all of the other great apes have 24 pairs. At some point since our lineage split from that of chimpanzees, two chromosomes fused

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Annexin V

a 36-kDa calcium-binding protein, binds to PS; used to detect PS that is exposed on the outside of apoptotic cells

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

All members of the Bcl-2 family share a close homology in up to four characteristic regions, termed the Bcl-2 homology domains

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pro-survival members-

Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, A1

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pro-apoptotic members form channels in the mitochondrial outer membrane

Bax, Bak, Bok

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

BH3-only proteins: Regulate activity of Bcl-2 and Bax/Bak proteins

Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bik, Bmf, Bad, Hrk, Bid