Chromosome Evolution

Fissions and fusion is the most common way for the number of chromosomes to change.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but all of the other great apes have 24 pairs. At some point since our lineage split from that of chimpanzees, two chromosomes fused

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Species richness - which is a count of the number of species.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

One major problem is that this approach does not take species frequency of occurrence or relative abundance into account.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Berger-Parker index - Dominance indices are weighted toward the abundance of the commonest or dominant species
D_BP = N_max /N

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

More diverse communities have a lower value of D BP than less-diverse communities.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Berger-Parker complement index is that it is very easy to compute. Values of D_BPC vary from 0 to 1.
D_BPC =1 - D_BP

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Simpson’s diversity index

DS and species diversity are negatively related.