The lac promoter along with the bulk of other E. coli promoters, is recognized by RNA polymerase bearing the σ70 subunit.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Neutral selection (Ka/Ks = 1)

Positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1)

Purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1)

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#Id: 2240

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The neutral-mutation hypothesis proposes that most molecular variation is neutral with regard to natural selection and is shaped largely by mutation and genetic drift.

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#Id: 2241

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Neutral theory of molecular evolution developed by Motoo Kimura

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#Id: 2242

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Codon bias- The different codons that correspond to the same amino acid appear at different frequencies in the genome

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#Id: 2243

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The loci that encode hemoglobins are members of a gene family, which is a set of loci that arose by duplication.

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#Id: 2244

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

When a nonfunctioning duplicate is fixed in the population, or a functioning gene becomes nonfunctional, the result is a genetic skeleton called a pseudogene.

Deletions are important in shaping the genome.