higher temperature favors tighter binding between RNA polymerase holoenzyme and T7 DNA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6099

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

There are two kind of mutation 

1. Base substitution

2. Frameshift

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6100

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6101

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6102

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

5-bromouracil induces transitions in both directions, A:T ↔ G:C Deamination of adenine results in A:T → G:C transitions and the deamination of cytosine produces G:C → A:T transitions, so nitrous acid induces transitions in both directions

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6103

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

EMS causes ethylation of the bases in DNA at the 7-N and the 6-O positions. When 7-ethylguanine is produced, it base-pairs with thymine to cause G:C → A:T transitions.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6104

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Base alkylation products activate error-prone DNA repair processes that introduce transitions, transversions, and frameshift mutations during the repair process