During the transition to the open complex, the conformation of both the RNA polymerase and the DNA change. 

1) 90° bend in the DNA, which allows the template strand to approach the active site of the enzyme; 

2) strand opening of the promoter DNA between -11 and +3 with respect to the transcription start site; 

3) the promoter DNA scrunches into the active channel forming the transcription bubble; and 

4) closing of the jaws of the enzyme to encircle the section of the promoter downstream section of the transcription start site.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1615

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C-type lectin receptor CLRs are plasma membrane receptors expressed variably on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T-cell subsets.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8939

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

checkpoint factors Bub1-Bub3, BubR1 and Mad2-C Together, these proteins form the mitotic checkpoint complex

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 651

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Ames Test is used to measure carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of any chemical mutagen.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2428

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Initiation relies solely upon the interaction between RNA polymerase and duplex DNA, however, the termination event also involves recognition of signals in the transcript by RNA polymerase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9474

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

SHP1 

Binding of an SH2 domain to a phosphotyrosine in the activated receptor unmasks its phosphatase catalytic site